使用python的graphviz库跟据语法分析器分析LL(1)文法得到的最左推导结果构建语法分析树

常用算法模板：线性、树、图、搜索、数论、动态规划

问题描述

Santa Claus sleeps in his shop at the North Pole and can only be wakened by either

1. all nine reindeer being back from their vacation in the South Pacific, or

2. some of the elves having difficulties making toys;

To allow Santa to get some sleep, the elves can only wake him when three of them have problems. When three elves are having their problems solved, any other elves wishing to visit Santa must wait for those elves to return. If Santa wakes up to find three elves waiting at his shop’s door, along with the last reindeer having come back from the tropics, Santa has decided that the elves can wait until after Christmas, because it is more important to get his sleigh ready. (It is assumed that the reindeer do not want to leave the tropics, and therefore they stay there until the last possible moment.) The last reindeer to arrive must get Santa while the others wait in a warming hut before being harnessed to the sleigh.

Solve this problem using semaphores.

互斥与同步

当有多个进程或多个线程对共享资源进行访问时，由于进程或线程的执行顺序有随机性，资源访问的结果也会具有随机性，为了保证结果的正确，需要互斥和同步机制。

互斥：一个资源一次只能被一个进程或线程访问，也就是互斥访问资源。

同步：多个进程或线程之间需要合作，相互之间交换信息，实现同步运作。

使用递归下降法实现语法分析器，同时使用预测分析法实现非回溯。结合词法分析器对输入进行分析，输出其最左推导。

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